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1 2 #Construct for Multiple Choice. 3 #Inherits from List.pm 4 #VS 6/16/2000 5 6 7 =head1 NAME 8 9 Multiple.pm -- sub-class of List that implements a multiple choice question. 10 11 All items accessed by $out=$mc->item($in); 12 13 =head1 SYNOPSIS 14 15 Multiple.pm is intended to be used to create one of two types of multiple choice 16 questions. The regular multiple choice question is one question followed by a 17 list of answers, only one of which is correct, printed in a bulleted form with 18 radio buttons to select the correct answer. The second type of of multiple choice 19 question consists of one question followed by several answers bulleted with check 20 boxes so that more than one answer can be selected if more than one answer exists. 21 Each student will receive the same set of answers in a mostly random order (some 22 answers can be forced to be at the end of list of answers, see makeLast() below). 23 24 =head1 DESCRIPTION 25 26 =head2 Variables and methods available to Multiple 27 28 =head3 Variables 29 30 questions # array of questions as entered using qa() 31 answers # array of answers as entered using qa() 32 33 selected_q # randomly selected subset of "questions" 34 selected_a # the answers for the selected questions 35 36 slice # index used to select specific questions 37 shuffle # permutation array which can be applied to slice 38 # to shuffle the answers 39 40 inverted_shuffle # the inverse permutation array 41 42 rf_print_q # reference to any subroutine which should 43 # take ($self, @questions) as parameters and 44 # output the questions in a formatted string. 45 # If you want to change the way questions are 46 # printed, write your own print method and set 47 # this equal to a reference to to that method 48 # (i.e. $sl->rf_print_q = ~~&printing_routine_q) 49 50 rf_print_a # reference to any subroutine which should 51 # take ($self, @answers) as parameters and 52 # output the answers in a formatted string. 53 # If you want to change the way answers are 54 # printed, write your own print method and set 55 # this equal to a reference to to that method 56 # (i.e. $sl->rf_print_a = ~~&printing_routine_a) 57 58 =head3 Methods 59 60 qa( array ) # accepts an array of strings which can be used 61 # for the question and answers 62 63 extra( array ) # accepts an array of strings which can be used 64 # as extra answers 65 66 print_q # yields a formatted string of question to be 67 # matched with answer blanks 68 print_a # yields a formatted string of answers 69 70 choose([3, 4], 1) # chooses questions indexed 3 and 4 and one other 71 # randomly 72 makeLast( array ) # accepts an array of strings (like qa) which will 73 # be forced to the end of the list of answers. 74 75 correct_ans # outputs a reference to the array of correct answers 76 77 78 =head2 Usage 79 80 81 =head3 Regular Multiple Choice 82 83 Create a multiple choice question using the new_multiple_choice call. 84 85 =for html 86 <PRE> 87 <I>$mc = new_multiple_choice</I> 88 </PRE> 89 90 Use qa() to enter the question and the correct answer. Any duplicates will be eliminated. 91 92 =for html 93 <PRE> 94 <I>$mc->qa('\( x^2 \) is:', 'quadratic');</I></PRE> 95 96 After calling qa you can use extra() to add in extra incorrect answers that (along with the 97 correct answer) will be made into a random list of answers shown to the student. 98 99 =for html 100 <PRE> 101 <I>$mc->extra( 102 'cubic', 103 'logarithmic', 104 'exponential' 105 );</I></PRE> 106 107 108 If you want certain answers to be at the end of the list instead of having them be randomized 109 you can use makeLast to add specific answers to the end of the list of answers or to force 110 already existing answers to be moved to the end of the list. This is usually done for 111 'None of the above', or 'All of the above' type answers. Note that if 'None of the above' 112 is the correct answer then you must put it in qa() and then also makeLast() but the duplicate 113 will be eliminated. If more than one extra answer is added via makeLast, they are added 114 in the same order they are given in makeLast. 115 116 =for html 117 <PRE> 118 <I>$mc->makeLast( 119 'All of the above', 120 'None of the above' 121 );</I></PRE> 122 123 Now you would start your problem with a C<BEGIN_TEXT> tag and print the questions 124 and answers with the print_q() and print_a() commands. Within the C<BEGIN_TEXT/END_TEXT block>, 125 all calls to objects must be enclosed in \( \). 126 (The $PAR start a new paragraph by printing a blank line). 127 128 =for html 129 <PRE> 130 <I>BEGIN_TEXT 131 $PAR 132 \{ $mc->print_q() \} 133 $PAR 134 \{ $mc->print_a() \} 135 END_TEXT</I></PRE> 136 137 Now all that''s left is sending the students answers to the answer evaluator 138 along with the correct answers so that the students answers can be checked and 139 a score can be given. This is done using C<ANS>, an answer evaluator and the 140 C<correct_ans> variable. 141 142 =for html 143 <PRE> 144 <I>ANS(radio_cmp($mc->correct_ans))</I></PRE> 145 146 147 =head3 Checkbox Multiple Choice 148 149 150 A checkbox multiple choice problem is identical to a regular multiple choice problem with only 151 a few exceptions. 152 153 First, you create the checkbox multiple choice object using the command: 154 155 =for html 156 <PRE> 157 <I>$cmc = new_checkbox_multiple_choice</I></PRE> 158 159 Then you would call qa() just as in a regular multiple choice object except that this time 160 you can provide more than one answer 161 162 =for html 163 <PRE> 164 <I>$cmc->qa( 165 'Indicate all the functions that are anti-derivatives of \( 3x^2 \)', 166 '\( x^3 \)', 167 '\( x^3 - 57 \)', 168 '\( 27 + x^3 \)' 169 );</I></PRE> 170 171 Then you would use extra() and makeLast() and create the problem just as with a regular multiple 172 choice. The only other difference is that at then end of the problem you would use checkbox_cmp() 173 instead of radio_cmp(). 174 175 =for html 176 <PRE> 177 <I>ANS(radio_cmp($cmc->correct_ans))</I></PRE> 178 179 180 =cut 181 182 BEGIN { 183 be_strict(); 184 } 185 186 #use strict; 187 package Multiple; 188 189 @Multiple::ISA = undef; 190 #require "${Global::mainDirectory}courseScripts/List.pm"; 191 @Multiple::ISA = qw( Exporter List ); 192 193 # *** Subroutines which overload List.pm *** 194 sub choose { warn "Multiple choice does not support choosing answers.\n(You can't use \$mc->choose().)"; } 195 sub choose_extra { warn "Multiple choice does not support choosing answers.\n(You can't use \$mc->choose_extra().)"; } 196 sub extras { warn "Extras() is not a method of Multiple.pm.\nUse the extra() method to add extra answers."; } 197 198 sub qa { 199 my $self = shift; 200 my @input = @_; 201 202 push( @{ $self->{questions} }, shift(@input) ); #one question 203 push( @{ $self->{answers} }, @input ); #correct answer(s) 204 205 $self->choose2(scalar(@{ $self->{answers} })); 206 } 207 208 sub extra { 209 my $self = shift; 210 my @input = @_; 211 212 push( @{ $self->{extras} }, @input); 213 214 #call as a method of $self 215 &List::choose_extra($self, scalar(@{ $self->{extras} })); 216 } 217 218 #This means rf_print_q is not used but still exists for user customization 219 sub print_q { 220 my $self = shift; 221 222 @{ $self->{questions} }[0]; 223 } 224 225 226 #This is called choose2 because it needs to be called internally 227 #but i didn't want it available to the user (hence choose being 228 #overloaded to give a error message above). 229 sub choose2 { 230 my $self = shift; 231 my @input = @_; 232 233 $self->getRandoms(scalar(@{ $self->{answers} }), @input); 234 $self->selectQA(); 235 } 236 237 sub selectQA { 238 my $self = shift; 239 240 $self->{selected_q} = $self->{questions}; 241 $self->{selected_a} = [ @{ $self->{answers} }[@{ $self->{shuffle} }] ]; 242 $self->{inverted_shuffle} = [ &List::invert(@{ $self->{shuffle} }) ]; 243 } 244 245 #Multiple 246 sub ra_correct_ans { 247 warn "Multiple does not use ra_correct_ans because radio_cmp and checkbox_cmp expect a string.\nYou should use correct_ans instead."; 248 } 249 250 #sends letters for comparison instead of actual answers 251 #actual answers aren't used because they might contain LaTeX or HTML 252 sub correct_ans { 253 my $self = shift; 254 my @ans = &List::ALPHABET( sort { $a <=> $b } @{$self->{inverted_shuffle}} ); 255 256 #radio_cmp and checkbox_cmp expect a string, not a reference to an array like str_cmp, etc 257 join "", @ans; 258 } 259 260 1;
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