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remove unneccsary shebang lines Arnie
1 2 3 #################################################################### 4 # Copyright @ 1995-1998 University of Rochester 5 # All Rights Reserved 6 #################################################################### 7 8 =head1 NAME 9 10 PGbasicmacros.pl --- located in the courseScripts directory 11 12 =head1 SYNPOSIS 13 14 15 16 =head1 DESCRIPTION 17 18 19 20 =cut 21 22 # this is equivalent to use strict, but can be used within the Safe compartment. 23 BEGIN{ 24 be_strict; 25 } 26 27 28 my $displayMode=$main::displayMode; 29 30 my ($PAR, 31 $BR, 32 $LQ, 33 $RQ, 34 $BM, 35 $EM, 36 $BDM, 37 $EDM, 38 $LTS, 39 $GTS, 40 $LTE, 41 $GTE, 42 $BEGIN_ONE_COLUMN, 43 $END_ONE_COLUMN, 44 $SOL, 45 $SOLUTION, 46 $HINT, 47 $US, 48 $SPACE, 49 $BBOLD, 50 $EBOLD, 51 $BITALIC, 52 $EITALIC, 53 $BCENTER, 54 $ECENTER, 55 $HR, 56 $LBRACE, 57 $RBRACE, 58 $LB, 59 $RB, 60 $DOLLAR, 61 $PERCENT, 62 $CARET, 63 $PI, 64 $E, 65 @ALPHABET, 66 ); 67 68 sub _PGbasicmacros_init { 69 $displayMode =$main::displayMode; 70 $main::PAR = PAR(); 71 $main::BR = BR(); 72 $main::LQ = LQ(); 73 $main::RQ = RQ(); 74 $main::BM = BM(); 75 $main::EM = EM(); 76 $main::BDM = BDM(); 77 $main::EDM = EDM(); 78 $main::LTS = LTS(); 79 $main::GTS = GTS(); 80 $main::LTE = LTE(); 81 $main::GTE = GTE(); 82 $main::BEGIN_ONE_COLUMN = BEGIN_ONE_COLUMN(); 83 $main::END_ONE_COLUMN = END_ONE_COLUMN(); 84 $main::SOL = SOLUTION_HEADING(); 85 $main::SOLUTION = SOLUTION_HEADING(); 86 $main::HINT = HINT_HEADING(); 87 $main::US = US(); 88 $main::SPACE = SPACE(); 89 $main::BBOLD = BBOLD(); 90 $main::EBOLD = EBOLD(); 91 $main::BITALIC = BITALIC(); 92 $main::EITALIC = EITALIC(); 93 $main::BCENTER = BCENTER(); 94 $main::ECENTER = ECENTER(); 95 $main::HR = HR(); 96 $main::LBRACE = LBRACE(); 97 $main::RBRACE = RBRACE(); 98 $main::LB = LB(); 99 $main::RB = RB(); 100 $main::DOLLAR = DOLLAR(); 101 $main::PERCENT = PERCENT(); 102 $main::CARET = CARET(); 103 $main::PI = PI(); 104 $main::E = E(); 105 @main::ALPHABET = ('A'..'ZZ'); 106 107 $PAR = PAR(); 108 $BR = BR(); 109 $LQ = LQ(); 110 $RQ = RQ(); 111 $BM = BM(); 112 $EM = EM(); 113 $BDM = BDM(); 114 $EDM = EDM(); 115 $LTS = LTS(); 116 $GTS = GTS(); 117 $LTE = LTE(); 118 $GTE = GTE(); 119 $BEGIN_ONE_COLUMN = BEGIN_ONE_COLUMN(); 120 $END_ONE_COLUMN = END_ONE_COLUMN(); 121 $SOL = SOLUTION_HEADING(); 122 $SOLUTION = SOLUTION_HEADING(); 123 $HINT = HINT_HEADING(); 124 $US = US(); 125 $SPACE = SPACE(); 126 $BBOLD = BBOLD(); 127 $EBOLD = EBOLD(); 128 $HR = HR(); 129 $LBRACE = LBRACE(); 130 $RBRACE = RBRACE(); 131 $LB = LB(); 132 $RB = RB(); 133 $DOLLAR = DOLLAR(); 134 $PERCENT = PERCENT(); 135 $CARET = CARET(); 136 $PI = PI(); 137 $E = E(); 138 @ALPHABET = ('A'..'ZZ'); 139 140 141 142 } 143 144 =head2 Answer blank macros: 145 146 These produce answer blanks of various sizes or pop up lists or radio answer buttons. 147 The names for the answer blanks are 148 generated implicitly. 149 150 ans_rule( width ) 151 tex_ans_rule( width ) 152 ans_radio_buttons(value1=>label1, value2,label2 => value3,label3=>...) 153 pop_up_list(@list) # list consists of (value => label, PR => "Product rule",...) 154 155 To indicate the checked position of radio buttons put a '%' in front of the value: C<ans_radio_buttons(1, 'Yes','%2','No')> 156 will have 'No' checked. C<tex_ans_rule> works inside math equations in C<HTML_tth> mode. It does not work in C<Latex2HTML> mode 157 since this mode produces gif pictures. 158 159 160 The following method is defined in F<PG.pl> for entering the answer evaluators corresponding 161 to answer rules with automatically generated names. The answer evaluators are matched with the 162 answer rules in the order in which they appear on the page. 163 164 ANS(ans_evaluator1, ans_evaluator2,...); 165 166 These are more primitive macros which produce answer blanks for specialized cases when complete 167 control over the matching of answers blanks and answer evaluators is desired. 168 The names of the answer blanks must be generated manually, and it is best if they do NOT begin 169 with the default answer prefix (currently AnSwEr). 170 171 labeled_ans_rule(name, width) # an alias for NAMED_ANS_RULE where width defaults to 20 if omitted. 172 173 NAMED_ANS_RULE(name, width) 174 NAMED_ANS_BOX(name, rows, cols) 175 NAMED_ANS_RADIO(name, value,label,) 176 NAMED_ANS_RADIO_EXTENSION(name, value,label) 177 NAMED_ANS_RADIO_BUTTONS(name,value1,label1,value2,label2,...) 178 check_box('-name' =>answer5,'-value' =>'statement3','-label' =>'I loved this course!' ) 179 NAMED_POP_UP_LIST($name, @list) # list consists of (value => tag, PR => "Product rule",...) 180 181 (Name is the name of the variable, value is the value given to the variable when this option is selected, 182 and label is the text printed next to the button or check box. Check box variables can have multiple values.) 183 184 NAMED_ANS_RADIO_BUTTONS creates a sequence of NAMED_ANS_RADIO and NAMED_ANS_RADIO_EXTENSION items which 185 are output either as an array or, in scalar context, as the array glued together with spaces. It is 186 usually easier to use this than to manually construct the radio buttons by hand. However, sometimes 187 extra flexibility is desiredin which case: 188 189 When entering radio buttons using the "NAMED" format, you should use NAMED_ANS_RADIO button for the first button 190 and then use NAMED_ANS_RADIO_EXTENSION for the remaining buttons. NAMED_ANS_RADIO requires a matching answer evalutor, 191 while NAMED_ANS_RADIO_EXTENSION does not. The name used for NAMED_ANS_RADIO_EXTENSION should match the name 192 used for NAMED_ANS_RADIO (and the associated answer evaluator). 193 194 195 The following method is defined in F<PG.pl> for entering the answer evaluators corresponding 196 to answer rules with automatically generated names. The answer evaluators are matched with the 197 answer rules in the order in which they appear on the page. 198 199 NAMED_ANS(name1 => ans_evaluator1, name2 => ans_evaluator2,...); 200 201 These auxiliary macros are defined in PG.pl 202 203 204 NEW_ANS_NAME( number ); # produces a new answer blank name from a number by adding a prefix (AnSwEr) 205 # and registers this name as an implicitly labeled answer 206 # Its use is paired with each answer evaluator being entered using ANS() 207 208 ANS_NUM_TO_NAME(number); # adds the prefix (AnSwEr) to the number, but does nothing else. 209 210 RECORD_ANS_NAME( name ); # records the order in which the answer blank is rendered 211 # This is called by all of the constructs above, but must 212 # be called explicitly if an input blank is constructed explictly 213 # using HTML code. 214 215 These are legacy macros: 216 217 ANS_RULE( number, width ); # equivalent to NAMED_ANS_RULE( NEW_ANS_NAME(number), width) 218 ANS_BOX( question_number,height, width ); # equivalent to NAMED_ANS_BOX( NEW_ANS_NAME(number), height, width) 219 ANS_RADIO( question_number, value,tag ); # equivalent to NAMED_ANS_RADIO( NEW_ANS_NAME(number), value,tag) 220 ANS_RADIO_OPTION( question_number, value,tag ); # equivalent to NAMED_ANS_RADIO_EXTENSION( ANS_NUM_TO_NAME(number), value,tag) 221 222 223 =cut 224 225 sub labeled_ans_rule { # syntactic sugar for NAMED_ANS_RULE 226 my($name,$col) = @_; 227 $col = 20 unless defined($col); 228 NAMED_ANS_RULE($name,$col); 229 } 230 231 sub NAMED_ANS_RULE { 232 my($name,$col) = @_; 233 my $len = 0.07*$col; 234 my $answer_value = ''; 235 $answer_value = ${$main::inputs_ref}{$name} if defined(${$main::inputs_ref}{$name}); 236 if ($answer_value =~ /\0/ ) { 237 my @answers = split("\0", $answer_value); 238 $answer_value = shift(@answers); # use up the first answer 239 $main::rh_sticky_answers{$name}=\@answers; # store the rest 240 $answer_value= '' unless defined($answer_value); 241 } elsif (ref($answer_value) eq 'ARRAY') { 242 my @answers = @{ $answer_value}; 243 $answer_value = shift(@answers); # use up the first answer 244 $main::rh_sticky_answers{$name}=\@answers; # store the rest 245 $answer_value= '' unless defined($answer_value); 246 } 247 248 $answer_value =~ tr/$@`//d; ## make sure student answers can not be interpolated by e.g. EV3 249 $name = RECORD_ANS_NAME($name); 250 MODES( 251 TeX => "\\mbox{\\parbox[t]{10pt}{\\hrulefill}}\\hrulefill\\quad ", 252 Latex2HTML => qq!\\begin{rawhtml}\n<INPUT TYPE=TEXT SIZE=$col NAME=\"$name\" VALUE = \"\">\n\\end{rawhtml}\n!, 253 HTML => "<INPUT TYPE=TEXT SIZE=$col NAME=\"$name\" VALUE = \"$answer_value\">\n" 254 ); 255 } 256 257 sub NAMED_ANS_RULE_OPTION { # deprecated 258 &NAMED_ANS_RULE_EXTENSION; 259 } 260 261 sub NAMED_ANS_RULE_EXTENSION { 262 my($name,$col) = @_; 263 my $len = 0.07*$col; 264 my $answer_value = ''; 265 $answer_value = ${$main::inputs_ref}{$name} if defined(${$main::inputs_ref}{$name}); 266 if ( defined($main::rh_sticky_answers{$name}) ) { 267 $answer_value = shift( @{$main::rh_sticky_answers{$name}}); 268 $answer_value = '' unless defined($answer_value); 269 } 270 $answer_value =~ tr/$@//d; ## make sure student answers can not be interpolated by e.g. EV3 271 MODES( 272 TeX => '\\hrulefill\\quad ', 273 Latex2HTML => qq!\\begin{rawhtml}\n<INPUT TYPE=TEXT SIZE=$col NAME=\"$name\" VALUE = \"\">\n\\end{rawhtml}\n!, 274 HTML => qq!<INPUT TYPE=TEXT SIZE=$col NAME = "$name" VALUE = "$answer_value">\n! 275 ); 276 } 277 278 sub ANS_RULE { #deprecated 279 my($number,$col) = @_; 280 my $name = NEW_ANS_NAME($number); 281 NAMED_ANS_RULE($name,$col); 282 } 283 284 285 sub NAMED_ANS_BOX { 286 my($name,$row,$col) = @_; 287 $row = 10 unless defined($row); 288 $col = 80 unless defined($col); 289 $name = RECORD_ANS_NAME($name); 290 my $len = 0.07*$col; 291 my $height = .07*$row; 292 my $answer_value = ''; 293 $answer_value = $main::inputs_ref->{$name} if defined( $main::inputs_ref->{$name} ); 294 $answer_value =~ tr/$@//d; ## make sure student answers can not be interpolated by e.g. EV3 295 my $out = M3( 296 qq!\\vskip $height in \\hrulefill\\quad !, 297 qq!\\begin{rawhtml}<TEXTAREA NAME="$name" ROWS="$row" COLS="$col" 298 WRAP="VIRTUAL">$answer_value</TEXTAREA>\\end{rawhtml}!, 299 qq!<TEXTAREA NAME="$name" ROWS="$row" COLS="$col" 300 WRAP="VIRTUAL">$answer_value</TEXTAREA>! 301 ); 302 $out; 303 } 304 305 sub ANS_BOX { #deprecated 306 my($number,$row,$col) = @_; 307 my $name = NEW_ANS_NAME($number); 308 NAMED_ANS_BOX($name,$row,$col); 309 } 310 311 sub NAMED_ANS_RADIO { 312 my $name = shift; 313 my $value = shift; 314 my $tag =shift; 315 $name = RECORD_ANS_NAME($name); 316 my $checked = ''; 317 if ($value =~/^\%/) { 318 $value =~ s/^\%//; 319 $checked = 'CHECKED' 320 } 321 if (defined($main::inputs_ref->{$name}) ) { 322 if ($main::inputs_ref->{$name} eq $value) { 323 $checked = 'CHECKED' 324 } else { 325 $checked = ''; 326 } 327 328 } 329 330 MODES( 331 TeX => qq!\\item{$tag}\n!, 332 Latex2HTML => qq!\\begin{rawhtml}\n<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME="$name" VALUE="$value" $checked>\\end{rawhtml}$tag!, 333 HTML => qq!<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME="$name" VALUE="$value" $checked>$tag! 334 ); 335 336 } 337 338 sub NAMED_ANS_RADIO_OPTION { #deprecated 339 &NAMED_ANS_RADIO_EXTENSION; 340 } 341 342 sub NAMED_ANS_RADIO_EXTENSION { 343 my $name = shift; 344 my $value = shift; 345 my $tag =shift; 346 347 348 my $checked = ''; 349 if ($value =~/^\%/) { 350 $value =~ s/^\%//; 351 $checked = 'CHECKED' 352 } 353 if (defined($main::inputs_ref->{$name}) ) { 354 if ($main::inputs_ref->{$name} eq $value) { 355 $checked = 'CHECKED' 356 } else { 357 $checked = ''; 358 } 359 360 } 361 362 MODES( 363 TeX => qq!\\item{$tag}\n!, 364 Latex2HTML => qq!\\begin{rawhtml}\n<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME="$name" VALUE="$value" $checked>\\end{rawhtml}$tag!, 365 HTML => qq!<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME="$name" VALUE="$value" $checked>$tag! 366 ); 367 368 } 369 370 sub NAMED_ANS_RADIO_BUTTONS { 371 my $name =shift; 372 my $value = shift; 373 my $tag = shift; 374 375 376 my @out = (); 377 push(@out, NAMED_ANS_RADIO($name, $value,$tag)); 378 my @buttons = @_; 379 while (@buttons) { 380 $value = shift @buttons; $tag = shift @buttons; 381 push(@out, NAMED_ANS_RADIO_OPTION($name, $value,$tag)); 382 } 383 (wantarray) ? @out : join(" ",@out); 384 } 385 sub ANS_RADIO { 386 my $number = shift; 387 my $value = shift; 388 my $tag =shift; 389 my $name = NEW_ANS_NAME($number); 390 NAMED_ANS_RADIO($name,$value,$tag); 391 } 392 393 sub ANS_RADIO_OPTION { 394 my $number = shift; 395 my $value = shift; 396 my $tag =shift; 397 398 399 my $name = ANS_NUM_TO_NAME($number); 400 NAMED_ANS_RADIO_OPTION($name,$value,$tag); 401 } 402 sub ANS_RADIO_BUTTONS { 403 my $number =shift; 404 my $value = shift; 405 my $tag = shift; 406 407 408 my @out = (); 409 push(@out, ANS_RADIO($number, $value,$tag)); 410 my @buttons = @_; 411 while (@buttons) { 412 $value = shift @buttons; $tag = shift @buttons; 413 push(@out, ANS_RADIO_OPTION($number, $value,$tag)); 414 } 415 (wantarray) ? @out : join(" ",@out); 416 } 417 418 sub NAMED_ANS_CHECKBOX { 419 my $name = shift; 420 my $value = shift; 421 my $tag =shift; 422 $name = RECORD_ANS_NAME($name); 423 424 my $checked = ''; 425 if ($value =~/^\%/) { 426 $value =~ s/^\%//; 427 $checked = 'CHECKED' 428 } 429 430 if (defined($main::inputs_ref->{$name}) ) { 431 if ($main::inputs_ref->{$name} eq $value) { 432 $checked = 'CHECKED' 433 } 434 else { 435 $checked = ''; 436 } 437 438 } 439 440 MODES( 441 TeX => qq!\\item{$tag}\n!, 442 Latex2HTML => qq!\\begin{rawhtml}\n<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX NAME="$name" VALUE="$value" $checked>\\end{rawhtml}$tag!, 443 HTML => qq!<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX NAME="$name" VALUE="$value" $checked>$tag! 444 ); 445 446 } 447 448 sub NAMED_ANS_CHECKBOX_OPTION { 449 my $name = shift; 450 my $value = shift; 451 my $tag =shift; 452 453 my $checked = ''; 454 if ($value =~/^\%/) { 455 $value =~ s/^\%//; 456 $checked = 'CHECKED' 457 } 458 459 if (defined($main::inputs_ref->{$name}) ) { 460 if ($main::inputs_ref->{$name} eq $value) { 461 $checked = 'CHECKED' 462 } 463 else { 464 $checked = ''; 465 } 466 467 } 468 469 MODES( 470 TeX => qq!\\item{$tag}\n!, 471 Latex2HTML => qq!\\begin{rawhtml}\n<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX NAME="$name" VALUE="$value" $checked>\\end{rawhtml}$tag!, 472 HTML => qq!<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX NAME="$name" VALUE="$value" $checked>$tag! 473 ); 474 475 } 476 477 sub NAMED_ANS_CHECKBOX_BUTTONS { 478 my $name =shift; 479 my $value = shift; 480 my $tag = shift; 481 482 my @out = (); 483 push(@out, NAMED_ANS_CHECKBOX($name, $value,$tag)); 484 485 my @buttons = @_; 486 while (@buttons) { 487 $value = shift @buttons; $tag = shift @buttons; 488 push(@out, NAMED_ANS_CHECKBOX_OPTION($name, $value,$tag)); 489 } 490 491 (wantarray) ? @out : join(" ",@out); 492 } 493 494 sub ANS_CHECKBOX { 495 my $number = shift; 496 my $value = shift; 497 my $tag =shift; 498 my $name = NEW_ANS_NAME($number); 499 500 NAMED_ANS_CHECKBOX($name,$value,$tag); 501 } 502 503 sub ANS_CHECKBOX_OPTION { 504 my $number = shift; 505 my $value = shift; 506 my $tag =shift; 507 my $name = ANS_NUM_TO_NAME($number); 508 509 NAMED_ANS_CHECKBOX_OPTION($name,$value,$tag); 510 } 511 512 sub ANS_CHECKBOX_BUTTONS { 513 my $number =shift; 514 my $value = shift; 515 my $tag = shift; 516 517 my @out = (); 518 push(@out, ANS_CHECKBOX($number, $value, $tag)); 519 520 my @buttons = @_; 521 while (@buttons) { 522 $value = shift @buttons; $tag = shift @buttons; 523 push(@out, ANS_CHECKBOX_OPTION($number, $value,$tag)); 524 } 525 526 (wantarray) ? @out : join(" ",@out); 527 } 528 529 sub ans_rule { 530 my $len = shift; # gives the optional length of the answer blank 531 $len = 20 unless $len ; 532 my $name = NEW_ANS_NAME(++$main::ans_rule_count); 533 NAMED_ANS_RULE($name ,$len); 534 } 535 sub ans_rule_extension { 536 my $len = shift; 537 $len = 20 unless $len ; 538 my $name = NEW_ANS_NAME($main::ans_rule_count); # don't update the answer name 539 NAMED_ANS_RULE($name ,$len); 540 } 541 sub ans_radio_buttons { 542 my $name = NEW_ANS_NAME(++$main::ans_rule_count); 543 my @radio_buttons = NAMED_ANS_RADIO_BUTTONS($name, @_); 544 545 if ($displayMode eq 'TeX') { 546 $radio_buttons[0] = "\n\\begin{itemize}\n" . $radio_buttons[0]; 547 $radio_buttons[$#radio_buttons] .= "\n\\end{itemize}\n"; 548 } 549 550 (wantarray) ? @radio_buttons: join(" ", @radio_buttons); 551 } 552 553 #added 6/14/2000 by David Etlinger 554 sub ans_checkbox { 555 my $name = NEW_ANS_NAME( ++$main::ans_rule_count ); 556 my @checkboxes = NAMED_ANS_CHECKBOX_BUTTONS( $name, @_ ); 557 558 if ($displayMode eq 'TeX') { 559 $checkboxes[0] = "\n\\begin{itemize}\n" . $checkboxes[0]; 560 $checkboxes[$#checkboxes] .= "\n\\end{itemize}\n"; 561 } 562 563 (wantarray) ? @checkboxes: join(" ", @checkboxes); 564 } 565 566 567 ## define a version of ans_rule which will work inside TeX math mode or display math mode -- at least for tth mode. 568 ## This is great for displayed fractions. 569 ## This will not work with latex2HTML mode since it creates gif equations. 570 571 sub tex_ans_rule { 572 my $len = shift; 573 $len = 20 unless $len ; 574 my $name = NEW_ANS_NAME(++$main::ans_rule_count); 575 my $answer_rule = NAMED_ANS_RULE($name ,$len); # we don't want to create three answer rules in different modes. 576 my $out = MODES( 577 'TeX' => $answer_rule, 578 'Latex2HTML' => '\\fbox{Answer boxes cannot be placed inside typeset equations}', 579 'HTML_tth' => '\\begin{rawhtml} '. $answer_rule.'\\end{rawhtml}', 580 'HTML_dpng' => '\\fbox{Answer boxes cannot be placed inside typeset equations}', 581 'HTML' => $answer_rule 582 ); 583 584 $out; 585 } 586 sub tex_ans_rule_extension { 587 my $len = shift; 588 $len = 20 unless $len ; 589 my $name = NEW_ANS_NAME($main::ans_rule_count); 590 my $answer_rule = NAMED_ANS_RULE($name ,$len); # we don't want to create three answer rules in different modes. 591 my $out = MODES( 592 'TeX' => $answer_rule, 593 'Latex2HTML' => '\fbox{Answer boxes cannot be placed inside typeset equations}', 594 'HTML_tth' => '\\begin{rawhtml} '. $answer_rule.'\\end{rawhtml}', 595 'HTML_dpng' => '\fbox{Answer boxes cannot be placed inside typeset equations}', 596 'HTML' => $answer_rule 597 ); 598 599 $out; 600 } 601 # still needs some cleanup. 602 sub NAMED_TEX_ANS_RULE { 603 my $name = shift; 604 my $len = shift; 605 $len = 20 unless $len ; 606 my $answer_rule = NAMED_ANS_RULE($name ,$len); # we don't want to create three answer rules in different modes. 607 my $out = MODES( 608 'TeX' => $answer_rule, 609 'Latex2HTML' => '\\fbox{Answer boxes cannot be placed inside typeset equations}', 610 'HTML_tth' => '\\begin{rawhtml} '. $answer_rule.'\\end{rawhtml}', 611 'HTML_dpng' => '\\fbox{Answer boxes cannot be placed inside typeset equations}', 612 'HTML' => $answer_rule 613 ); 614 615 $out; 616 } 617 sub NAMED_TEX_ANS_RULE_EXTENSION { 618 my $name = shift; 619 my $len = shift; 620 $len = 20 unless $len ; 621 my $answer_rule = NAMED_ANS_RULE_EXTENSION($name ,$len); # we don't want to create three answer rules in different modes. 622 my $out = MODES( 623 'TeX' => $answer_rule, 624 'Latex2HTML' => '\fbox{Answer boxes cannot be placed inside typeset equations}', 625 'HTML_tth' => '\\begin{rawhtml} '. $answer_rule.'\\end{rawhtml}', 626 'HTML_dpng' => '\fbox{Answer boxes cannot be placed inside typeset equations}', 627 'HTML' => $answer_rule 628 ); 629 630 $out; 631 } 632 sub ans_box { 633 my $row = shift; 634 my $col =shift; 635 $row = 5 unless $row; 636 $col = 80 unless $col; 637 my $name = NEW_ANS_NAME(++$main::ans_rule_count); 638 NAMED_ANS_BOX($name ,$row,$col); 639 } 640 641 #this is legacy code; use ans_checkbox instead 642 sub checkbox { 643 my %options = @_; 644 qq!<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="$options{'-name'}" VALUE="$options{'-value'}">$options{'-label'}! 645 } 646 647 648 sub NAMED_POP_UP_LIST { 649 my $name = shift; 650 my @list = @_; 651 $name = RECORD_ANS_NAME($name); # record answer name 652 my $answer_value = ''; 653 $answer_value = ${$main::inputs_ref}{$name} if defined(${$main::inputs_ref}{$name}); 654 my $out = ""; 655 if ($displayMode eq 'HTML' or $displayMode eq 'HTML_tth' or 656 $displayMode eq 'HTML_dpng' or $displayMode eq 'HTML_img') { 657 $out = qq!<SELECT NAME = "$name" SIZE=1> \n!; 658 my $i; 659 foreach ($i=0; $i< @list; $i=$i+2) { 660 my $select_flag = ($list[$i] eq $answer_value) ? "SELECTED" : ""; 661 $out .= qq!<OPTION $select_flag VALUE ="$list[$i]" > $list[$i+1] </OPTION>\n!; 662 }; 663 $out .= " </SELECT>\n"; 664 } elsif ( $displayMode eq "Latex2HTML") { 665 $out = qq! \\begin{rawhtml}<SELECT NAME = "$name" SIZE=1> \\end{rawhtml} \n !; 666 my $i; 667 foreach ($i=0; $i< @list; $i=$i+2) { 668 my $select_flag = ($list[$i] eq $answer_value) ? "SELECTED" : ""; 669 $out .= qq!\\begin{rawhtml}<OPTION $select_flag VALUE ="$list[$i]" > $list[$i+1] </OPTION>\\end{rawhtml}\n!; 670 }; 671 $out .= " \\begin{rawhtml}</SELECT>\\end{rawhtml}\n"; 672 } elsif ( $displayMode eq "TeX") { 673 $out .= "\\fbox{?}"; 674 } 675 676 } 677 678 sub pop_up_list { 679 my @list = @_; 680 my $name = NEW_ANS_NAME(++$main::ans_rule_count); # get new answer name 681 NAMED_POP_UP_LIST($name, @list); 682 } 683 684 # end answer blank macros 685 686 =head2 Hints and solutions macros 687 688 solution('text','text2',...); 689 SOLUTION('text','text2',...); # equivalent to TEXT(solution(...)); 690 691 hint('text', 'text2', ...); 692 HINT('text', 'text2',...); # equivalent to TEXT("$BR$HINT" . hint(@_) . "$BR") if hint(@_); 693 694 Solution prints its concatenated input when the check box named 'ShowSol' is set and 695 the time is after the answer date. The check box 'ShowSol' is visible only after the 696 answer date or when the problem is viewed by a professor. 697 698 $envir{'displaySolutionsQ'} is set to 1 when a solution is to be displayed. 699 700 Hints are shown only after the number of attempts is greater than $:showHint 701 ($main::showHint defaults to 1) and the check box named 'ShowHint' is set. The check box 702 'ShowHint' is visible only after the number of attempts is greater than $main::showHint. 703 704 $envir{'displayHintsQ'} is set to 1 when a hint is to be displayed. 705 706 707 =cut 708 709 710 711 # solution prints its input when $displaySolutionsQ is set. 712 # use as TEXT(solution("blah, blah"); 713 # \$solutionExists 714 # is passed to processProblem which displays a "show Solution" button 715 # when a solution is available for viewing 716 717 718 sub solution { 719 my @in = @_; 720 my $out = ''; 721 $main::solutionExists =1; 722 if ($envir{'displaySolutionsQ'}) {$out = join(' ',@in);} 723 $out; 724 } 725 726 727 sub SOLUTION { 728 TEXT( solution(@_)) ; 729 } 730 731 732 733 sub hint { 734 my @in = @_; 735 my $out = ''; 736 737 $main::hintExists =1; 738 $main::numOfAttempts = 0 unless defined($main::numOfAttempts); 739 740 if ($main::displayMode eq 'TeX') { 741 $out = ''; # do nothing since hints are not available for download 742 } elsif (($envir{'displayHintsQ'}) and ($main::numOfAttempts >= $main::showHint)) 743 744 ## the second test above prevents a hint being shown if a doctored form is submitted 745 746 {$out = join(' ',@in);} # show hint 747 748 $out ; 749 } 750 751 752 sub HINT { 753 TEXT("$main::BR" . hint(@_) . "$main::BR") if hint(@_); 754 } 755 756 757 758 # End hints and solutions macros 759 ################################# 760 761 # Produces a random number between $begin and $end with increment 1. 762 # You do not have to worry about integer or floating point types. 763 764 =head2 Pseudo-random number generator 765 766 Usage: 767 random(0,5,.1) # produces a random number between 0 and 5 in increments of .1 768 non_zero_random(0,5,.1) # gives a non-zero random number 769 770 list_random(2,3,5,6,7,8,10) # produces random value from the list 771 list_random(2,3, (5..8),10) # does the same thing 772 773 SRAND(seed) # resets the main random generator -- use very cautiously 774 775 776 SRAND(time) will create a different problem everytime it is called. This makes it difficult 777 to check the answers :-). 778 779 SRAND($envir{'inputs_ref'}->{'key'} ) will create a different problem for each login session. 780 This is probably what is desired. 781 782 =cut 783 784 785 sub random { 786 my ($begin, $end, $incr) = @_; 787 $main::PG_random_generator->random($begin,$end,$incr); 788 } 789 790 791 sub non_zero_random { ##gives a non-zero random number 792 my (@arguments)=@_; 793 my $a=0; 794 my $i=100; #safety counter 795 while ($a==0 && ( 0 < $i-- ) ) { 796 $a=random(@arguments); 797 } 798 $a; 799 } 800 801 sub list_random { 802 my(@li) = @_; 803 return $li[random(1,scalar(@li))-1]; 804 } 805 806 sub SRAND { # resets the main random generator -- use cautiously 807 my $seed = shift; 808 $main::PG_random_generator -> srand($seed); 809 } 810 811 # display macros 812 813 =head2 Display Macros 814 815 These macros produce different output depending on the display mode being used to show 816 the problem on the screen, or whether the problem is being converted to TeX to produce 817 a hard copy output. 818 819 MODES ( TeX => "Output this in TeX mode", 820 HTML => "output this in HTML mode", 821 HTML_tth => "output this in HTML_tth mode", 822 HTML_dpng => "output this in HTML_dpng mode", 823 Latex2HTML => "output this in Latex2HTML mode", 824 ) 825 826 TEX (tex_version, html_version) #obsolete 827 828 M3 (tex_version, latex2html_version, html_version) #obsolete 829 830 831 832 =cut 833 834 835 sub TEX { 836 my ($tex, $html ) = @_; 837 MODES(TeX => $tex, HTML => $html, HTML_tth => $html, HTML_dpng => $html); 838 } 839 840 841 sub M3 { 842 my($tex,$l2h,$html) = @_; 843 MODES(TeX => $tex, Latex2HTML => $l2h, HTML => $html, HTML_tth => $html, HTML_dpng => $html); 844 } 845 846 # This replaces M3. You can add new modes at will to this one. 847 848 sub MODES { 849 my %options = @_; 850 return $options{$displayMode} 851 if defined( $options{$displayMode} ); 852 853 # default searches. 854 if ($displayMode eq "Latex2HTML") { 855 return $options{TeX} 856 if defined( $options{TeX} ); 857 return $options{HTML} 858 if defined( $options{HTML} ); 859 die " ERROR in using MODES: 'HTML' and 'TeX' options not defined for 'Latex2HTML'"; 860 } 861 862 if ($displayMode eq "HTML_tth") { 863 return $options{HTML} 864 if defined( $options{HTML} ); 865 die " ERROR in using MODES: 'HTML' option not defined for HTML_tth"; 866 867 } 868 869 if ($displayMode eq "HTML_img") { 870 return $options{HTML_dpng} if defined $options{HTML_dpng}; 871 return $options{HTML_tth} if defined $options{HTML_tth}; 872 return $options{HTML} if defined $options{HTML}; 873 die " ERROR in using MODES: 'HTML' option not defined for HTML_img"; 874 } 875 876 if ($displayMode eq "HTML_dpng") { 877 return $options{HTML_tth} 878 if defined( $options{HTML_tth} ); 879 return $options{HTML} 880 if defined( $options{HTML} ); 881 die " ERROR in using MODES: 'HTML' option not defined for HTML_dpng"; 882 883 } 884 885 # trap undefined errors 886 die "ERROR in defining MODES: Can't find |$displayMode| among 887 available options:" . join(" ", keys(%options) ) 888 . " file " . __FILE__ ." line " . __LINE__."\n\n"; 889 890 } 891 892 893 # end display macros 894 895 896 =head2 Display constants 897 898 @ALPHABET ALPHABET() capital letter alphabet -- ALPHABET[0] = 'A' 899 $PAR PAR() paragraph character (\par or <p>) 900 $BR BR() line break character 901 $LQ LQ() left double quote 902 $RQ RQ() right double quote 903 $BM BM() begin math 904 $EM EM() end math 905 $BDM BDM() begin display math 906 $EDM EDM() end display math 907 $LTS LTS() strictly less than 908 $GTS GTS() strictly greater than 909 $LTE LTE() less than or equal 910 $GTE GTE() greater than or equal 911 $BEGIN_ONE_COLUMN BEGIN_ONE_COLUMN() begin one-column mode 912 $END_ONE_COLUMN END_ONE_COLUMN() end one-column mode 913 $SOL SOLUTION_HEADING() solution headline 914 $SOLUTION SOLUTION_HEADING() solution headline 915 $HINT HINT_HEADING() hint headline 916 $US US() underscore character 917 $SPACE SPACE() space character (tex and latex only) 918 $BBOLD BBOLD() begin bold typeface 919 $EBOLD EBOLD() end bold typeface 920 $BITALIC BITALIC() begin italic typeface 921 $EITALIC EITALIC() end italic typeface 922 $BCENTER BCENTER() begin centered environment 923 $ECENTER ECENTER() end centered environment 924 $HR HR() horizontal rule 925 $LBRACE LBRACE() left brace 926 $LB LB () left brace 927 $RBRACE RBRACE() right brace 928 $RB RB () right brace 929 $DOLLAR DOLLAR() a dollar sign 930 $PERCENT PERCENT() a percent sign 931 $CARET CARET() a caret sign 932 $PI PI() the number pi 933 $E E() the number e 934 935 =cut 936 937 938 939 940 941 # A utility variable. Notice that "B"=$ALPHABET[1] and 942 # "ABCD"=@ALPHABET[0..3]. 943 944 sub ALPHABET { 945 ('A'..'ZZ')[@_]; 946 } 947 948 ############################################################### 949 # Some constants which are different in tex and in HTML 950 # The order of arguments is TeX, Latex2HTML, HTML 951 sub PAR { MODES( TeX => '\\par ',Latex2HTML => '\\par ',HTML => '<P>' ); }; 952 sub BR { MODES( TeX => '\\par\\noindent ',Latex2HTML => '\\par\\noindent ',HTML => '<BR>'); }; 953 sub LQ { MODES( TeX => "``", Latex2HTML => '"', HTML => '"' ); }; 954 sub RQ { MODES( TeX => "''", Latex2HTML => '"', HTML => '"' ); }; 955 sub BM { MODES(TeX => '\\(', Latex2HTML => '\\(', HTML => ''); }; # begin math mode 956 sub EM { MODES(TeX => '\\)', Latex2HTML => '\\)', HTML => ''); }; # end math mode 957 sub BDM { MODES(TeX => '\\[', Latex2HTML => '\\[', HTML => '<P ALIGN=CENTER>'); }; #begin displayMath mode 958 sub EDM { MODES(TeX => '\\]', Latex2HTML => '\\]', HTML => '</P>'); }; #end displayMath mode 959 sub LTS { MODES(TeX => ' < ', Latex2HTML => ' \\lt ', HTML => '<'); }; 960 sub GTS {MODES(TeX => ' > ', Latex2HTML => ' \\gt ', HTML => '>'); }; 961 sub LTE { MODES(TeX => ' \\le ', Latex2HTML => ' \\le ', HTML => '<=' ); }; 962 sub GTE { MODES(TeX => ' \\ge ', Latex2HTML => ' \\ge ', HTML => '>'); }; 963 sub BEGIN_ONE_COLUMN { MODES(TeX => " \\end{multicols}\n", Latex2HTML => " ", HTML => " "); }; 964 sub END_ONE_COLUMN { MODES(TeX => 965 " \\begin{multicols}{2}\n\\columnwidth=\\linewidth\n", 966 Latex2HTML => ' ', HTML => ' '); 967 968 }; 969 sub SOLUTION_HEADING { MODES( TeX => '\\par {\\bf Solution:}', 970 Latex2HTML => '\\par {\\bf Solution:}', 971 HTML => '<P><B>Solution:</B>'); 972 }; 973 sub HINT_HEADING { MODES( TeX => "\\par {\\bf Hint:}", Latex2HTML => "\\par {\\bf Hint:}", HTML => "<P><B>Hint:</B>"); }; 974 sub US { MODES(TeX => '\\_', Latex2HTML => '\\_', HTML => '_');}; # underscore, e.g. file${US}name 975 sub SPACE { MODES(TeX => '\\ ', Latex2HTML => '\\ ', HTML => ' ');}; # force a space in latex, doesn't force extra space in html 976 sub BBOLD { MODES(TeX => '{\\bf ', Latex2HTML => '{\\bf ', HTML => '<B>'); }; 977 sub EBOLD { MODES( TeX => '}', Latex2HTML => '}',HTML => '</B>'); }; 978 sub BITALIC { MODES(TeX => '{\\it ', Latex2HTML => '{\\it ', HTML => '<I>'); }; 979 sub EITALIC { MODES(TeX => '} ', Latex2HTML => '} ', HTML => '</I>'); }; 980 sub BCENTER { MODES(TeX => '\\begin{center} ', Latex2HTML => ' \\begin{rawhtml} <div align="center"> \\end{rawhtml} ', HTML => '<div align="center">'); }; 981 sub ECENTER { MODES(TeX => '\\end{center} ', Latex2HTML => ' \\begin{rawhtml} </div> \\end{rawhtml} ', HTML => '</div>'); }; 982 sub HR { MODES(TeX => '\\par\\hrulefill\\par ', Latex2HTML => '\\begin{rawhtml} <HR> \\end{rawhtml}', HTML => '<HR>'); }; 983 sub LBRACE { MODES( TeX => '\{', Latex2HTML => '\\lbrace', HTML => '\{' , HTML_tth=> '\\lbrace' ); }; 984 sub RBRACE { MODES( TeX => '\}', Latex2HTML => '\\rbrace', HTML => '\}' , HTML_tth=> '\\rbrace',); }; 985 sub LB { MODES( TeX => '\{', Latex2HTML => '\\lbrace', HTML => '\{' , HTML_tth=> '\\lbrace' ); }; 986 sub RB { MODES( TeX => '\}', Latex2HTML => '\\rbrace', HTML => '\}' , HTML_tth=> '\\rbrace',); }; 987 sub DOLLAR { MODES( TeX => '\\$', Latex2HTML => '\\$', HTML => '$' ); }; 988 sub PERCENT { MODES( TeX => '\\%', Latex2HTML => '\\%', HTML => '%' ); }; 989 sub CARET { MODES( TeX => '\\verb+^+', Latex2HTML => '\\verb+^+', HTML => '^' ); }; 990 sub PI {4*atan2(1,1);}; 991 sub E {exp(1);}; 992 993 ############################################################### 994 ## Evaluation macros 995 996 997 =head2 TEXT macros 998 999 Usage: 1000 TEXT(@text); 1001 1002 This is the simplest way to print text from a problem. The strings in the array C<@text> are concatenated 1003 with spaces between them and printed out in the text of the problem. The text is not processed in any other way. 1004 C<TEXT> is defined in PG.pl. 1005 1006 Usage: 1007 BEGIN_TEXT 1008 text..... 1009 END_TEXT 1010 1011 This is the most common way to enter text into the problem. All of the text between BEGIN_TEXT and END_TEXT 1012 is processed by the C<EV3> macro described below and then printed using the C<TEXT> command. The two key words 1013 must appear on lines by themselves. The preprocessing that makes this construction work is done in F<PGtranslator.pm>. 1014 See C<EV3> below for details on the processing. 1015 1016 1017 =cut 1018 1019 =head2 Evaluation macros 1020 1021 =head3 EV3 1022 1023 TEXT(EV3("This is a formulat \( \int_0^5 x^2 \, dx \) "); 1024 TEXT(EV3(@text)); 1025 1026 TEXT(EV3(<<'END_TEXT')); 1027 text stuff... 1028 END_TEXT 1029 1030 1031 The BEGIN_TEXT/END_TEXT construction is translated into the construction above by PGtranslator.pm. END_TEXT must appear 1032 on a line by itself and be left justified. (The << construction is known as a "here document" in UNIX and in PERL.) 1033 1034 The single quotes around END_TEXT mean that no automatic interpolation of variables takes place in the text. 1035 Using EV3 with strings which have been evaluated by double quotes may lead to unexpected results. 1036 1037 1038 The evaluation macro E3 first evaluates perl code inside the braces: C<\{ code \}>. 1039 Any perl statment can be put inside the braces. The 1040 result of the evaluation (i.e. the last statement evaluated) replaces the C<\{ code \}> construction. 1041 1042 Next interpolation of all variables (e.g. C<$var or @array> ) is performed. 1043 1044 Then mathematical formulas in TeX are evaluated within the 1045 C<\( tex math mode \)> and 1046 C<\[ tex display math mode \] > 1047 constructions, in that order: 1048 1049 =head3 FEQ 1050 1051 FEQ($string); # processes and outputs the string 1052 1053 1054 The mathematical formulas are run through the macro C<FEQ> (Format EQuations) which performs 1055 several substitutions (see below). 1056 In C<HTML_tth> mode the resulting code is processed by tth to obtain an HTML version 1057 of the formula. (In the future processing by WebEQ may be added here as another option.) 1058 The Latex2HTML mode does nothing 1059 at this stage; it creates the entire problem before running it through 1060 TeX and creating the GIF images of the equations. 1061 1062 The resulting string is output (and usually fed into TEXT to be printed in the problem). 1063 1064 Usage: 1065 1066 $string2 = FEQ($string1); 1067 1068 This is a filter which is used to format equations by C<EV2> and C<EV3>, but can also be used on its own. It is best 1069 understood with an example. 1070 1071 $string1 = "${a}x^2 + ${b}x + {$c:%.1f}"; $a = 3;, $b = -2; $c = -7.345; 1072 1073 when interpolated becomes: 1074 1075 $string1 = '3x^2 + -2x + {-7.345:%0.1f} 1076 1077 FEQ first changes the number of decimal places displayed, so that the last term becomes -7.3 Then it removes the 1078 extraneous plus and minus signs, so that the final result is what you want: 1079 1080 $string2 = '3x^2 - 2x -7.3'; 1081 1082 (The %0.1f construction 1083 is the same formatting convention used by Perl and nearly identical to the one used by the C printf statement. Some common 1084 usage: %0.3f 3 decimal places, fixed notation; %0.3e 3 significant figures exponential notation; %0.3g uses either fixed 1085 or exponential notation depending on the size of the number.) 1086 1087 Two additional legacy formatting constructions are also supported: 1088 1089 C<?{$c:%0.3f} > will give a number with 3 decimal places and a negative 1090 sign if the number is negative, no sign if the number is positive. 1091 1092 C<!{$c:%0.3f}> determines the sign and prints it 1093 whether the number is positive or negative. 1094 1095 =head3 EV2 1096 1097 TEXT(EV2(@text)); 1098 1099 TEXT(EV2(<<END_OF_TEXT)); 1100 text stuff... 1101 END_OF_TEXT 1102 1103 This is a precursor to EV3. In this case the constants are interpolated first, before the evaluation of the \{ ...code...\} 1104 construct. This can lead to unexpected results. For example C<\{ join(" ", @text) \}> with C<@text = ("Hello","World");> becomes, 1105 after interpolation, C<\{ join(" ",Hello World) \}> which then causes an error when evaluated because Hello is a bare word. 1106 C<EV2> can still be useful if you allow for this, and in particular it works on double quoted strings, which lead to 1107 unexpected results with C<EV3>. Using single quoted strings with C<EV2> may lead to unexpected results. 1108 1109 The unexpected results have to do with the number of times backslashed constructions have to be escaped. It is quite messy. For 1110 more details get a good Perl book and then read the code. :-) 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 =cut 1116 1117 1118 sub ev_substring { 1119 my $string = shift; 1120 my $start_delim = shift; 1121 my $end_delim = shift; 1122 my $actionRef = shift; 1123 my ($eval_out,$PG_eval_errors,$PG_full_error_report)=(); 1124 my $out = ""; 1125 while ($string) { 1126 if ($string =~ /\Q$start_delim\E/s) { 1127 #print "$start_delim $end_delim evaluating_substring=$string<BR>"; 1128 $string =~ s/^(.*?)\Q$start_delim\E//s; # get string up to next \{ ---treats string as a single line, ignoring returns 1129 $out .= $1; 1130 #print "$start_delim $end_delim substring_out=$out<BR>"; 1131 $string =~ s/^(.*?)\Q$end_delim\E//s; # get perl code up to \} ---treats string as a single line, ignoring returns 1132 #print "$start_delim $end_delim evaluate_string=$1<BR>"; 1133 ($eval_out,$PG_eval_errors,$PG_full_error_report) = &$actionRef($1); 1134 $eval_out = "$start_delim $eval_out $end_delim" if $PG_full_error_report; 1135 $out = $out . $eval_out; 1136 #print "$start_delim $end_delim new substring_out=$out<BR><p><BR>"; 1137 $out .="$main::PAR ERROR $0 in ev_substring, PGbasicmacros.pl:$main::PAR <PRE> $@ </PRE>$main::PAR" if $@; 1138 } 1139 else { 1140 $out .= $string; # flush the last part of the string 1141 last; 1142 } 1143 1144 } 1145 $out; 1146 } 1147 sub safe_ev { 1148 my ($out,$PG_eval_errors,$PG_full_error_report) = &old_safe_ev; # process input by old_safe_ev first 1149 $out =~s/\\/\\\\/g; # protect any new backslashes introduced. 1150 ($out,$PG_eval_errors,$PG_full_error_report) 1151 } 1152 1153 sub old_safe_ev { 1154 my $in = shift; 1155 my ($out,$PG_eval_errors,$PG_full_error_report) = PG_restricted_eval("$in;"); 1156 # the addition of the ; seems to provide better error reporting 1157 if ($PG_eval_errors) { 1158 my @errorLines = split("\n",$PG_eval_errors); 1159 #$out = "<PRE>$main::PAR % ERROR in $0:old_safe_ev, PGbasicmacros.pl: $main::PAR % There is an error occuring inside evaluation brackets \\{ ...code... \\} $main::BR % somewhere in an EV2 or EV3 or BEGIN_TEXT block. $main::BR % Code evaluated:$main::BR $in $main::BR % $main::BR % $errorLines[0]\n % $errorLines[1]$main::BR % $main::BR % $main::BR </PRE> "; 1160 warn " ERROR in old_safe_ev, PGbasicmacros.pl: <PRE> 1161 ## There is an error occuring inside evaluation brackets \\{ ...code... \\} 1162 ## somewhere in an EV2 or EV3 or BEGIN_TEXT block. 1163 ## Code evaluated: 1164 ## $in 1165 ##" .join("\n ", @errorLines). " 1166 ##</PRE>$main::BR 1167 "; 1168 $out ="$main::PAR $main::BBOLD $in $main::EBOLD $main::PAR"; 1169 1170 1171 } 1172 1173 ($out,$PG_eval_errors,$PG_full_error_report); 1174 } 1175 1176 sub FEQ { # Format EQuations 1177 my $in = shift; 1178 # formatting numbers -- the ?{} and !{} constructions 1179 $in =~s/\?\s*\{([.\-\$\w\d]+):?([%.\da-z]*)\}/${ \( &sspf($1,$2) )}/g; 1180 $in =~s/\!\s*\{([.\-\$\w\d]+):?([%.\da-z]*)\}/${ \( &spf($1,$2) )}/g; 1181 1182 # more formatting numbers -- {number:format} constructions 1183 $in =~ s/\{(\s*[\+\-\d\.]+[eE]*[\+\-]*\d*):(\%\d*.\d*\w)}/${ \( &spf($1,$2) )}/g; 1184 $in =~ s/\+\s*\-/ - /g; 1185 $in =~ s/\-\s*\+/ - /g; 1186 $in =~ s/\+\s*\+/ + /g; 1187 $in =~ s/\-\s*\-/ + /g; 1188 $in; 1189 } 1190 1191 #sub math_ev3 { 1192 # my $in = shift; #print "in=$in<BR>"; 1193 # my ($out,$PG_eval_errors,$PG_full_error_report); 1194 # $in = FEQ($in); 1195 # $in =~ s/%/\\%/g; # % causes trouble in TeX and HTML_tth it usually (always?) indicates an error, not comment 1196 # return("$main::BM $in $main::EM") unless ($displayMode eq 'HTML_tth'); 1197 # $in = "\\(" . $in . "\\)"; 1198 # $out = tth($in); 1199 # ($out,$PG_eval_errors,$PG_full_error_report); 1200 # 1201 #} 1202 # 1203 #sub display_math_ev3 { 1204 # my $in = shift; #print "in=$in<BR>"; 1205 # my ($out,$PG_eval_errors,$PG_full_error_report); 1206 # $in = FEQ($in); 1207 # $in =~ s/%/\\%/g; 1208 # return("$main::BDM $in $main::EDM") unless $displayMode eq 'HTML_tth' ; 1209 # $in = "\\[" . $in . "\\]"; 1210 # $out =tth($in); 1211 # ($out,$PG_eval_errors,$PG_full_error_report); 1212 #} 1213 1214 sub math_ev3 { 1215 my $in = shift; 1216 $in = FEQ($in); 1217 $in =~ s/%/\\%/g; 1218 return general_math_ev3($in, "inline"); 1219 } 1220 1221 sub display_math_ev3 { 1222 my $in = shift; 1223 return general_math_ev3($in, "display"); 1224 } 1225 1226 sub general_math_ev3 { 1227 my $in = shift; 1228 my $mode = shift || "inline"; 1229 1230 $in = FEQ($in); 1231 $in =~ s/%/\\%/g; 1232 my $in_delim; 1233 1234 if($mode eq "inline") { 1235 $in_delim = "\\($in\\)"; 1236 } else { # assuming displayed math 1237 $in_delim = "\\[$in\\]"; 1238 } 1239 1240 my $out; 1241 if($displayMode eq "HTML_tth") { 1242 $out = tth($in_delim); 1243 } elsif ($displayMode eq "HTML_dpng") { 1244 $out = $envir{'imagegen'}->add($in_delim); 1245 } elsif ($displayMode eq "HTML_img") { 1246 $out = math2img($in, $mode); 1247 } else { 1248 $out = "\\($in\\)" if $mode eq "inline"; 1249 $out = "\\[$in\\]" if $mode eq "display"; 1250 } 1251 return $out; 1252 } 1253 1254 sub EV2 { 1255 my $string = join(" ",@_); 1256 # evaluate code inside of \{ \} (no nesting allowed) 1257 $string = ev_substring($string,"\\{","\\}",\&old_safe_ev); 1258 $string = ev_substring($string,"\\<","\\>",\&old_safe_ev); 1259 $string = ev_substring($string,"\\(","\\)",\&math_ev3); 1260 $string = ev_substring($string,"\\[","\\]",\&display_math_ev3); 1261 # macros for displaying math 1262 $string =~ s/\\\(/$main::BM/g; 1263 $string =~ s/\\\)/$main::EM/g; 1264 $string =~ s/\\\[/$main::BDM/g; 1265 $string =~ s/\\\]/$main::EDM/g; 1266 $string; 1267 } 1268 1269 sub EV3{ 1270 my $string = join(" ",@_); 1271 # evaluate code inside of \{ \} (no nesting allowed) 1272 $string = ev_substring($string,"\\\\{","\\\\}",\&safe_ev); # handles \{ \} in single quoted strings of PG files 1273 # interpolate variables 1274 my ($evaluated_string,$PG_eval_errors,$PG_full_errors) = PG_restricted_eval("<<END_OF_EVALUATION_STRING\n$string\nEND_OF_EVALUATION_STRING\n"); 1275 if ($PG_eval_errors) { 1276 my @errorLines = split("\n",$PG_eval_errors); 1277 $string =~ s/</</g; $string =~ s/>/>/g; 1278 $evaluated_string = "<PRE>$main::PAR % ERROR in $0:EV3, PGbasicmacros.pl: $main::PAR % There is an error occuring in the following code:$main::BR $string $main::BR % $main::BR % $errorLines[0]\n % $errorLines[1]$main::BR % $main::BR % $main::BR </PRE> "; 1279 $@=""; 1280 } 1281 $string = $evaluated_string; 1282 $string = ev_substring($string,"\\(","\\)",\&math_ev3); 1283 $string = ev_substring($string,"\\[","\\]",\&display_math_ev3); 1284 $string; 1285 } 1286 1287 =head2 Formatting macros 1288 1289 beginproblem() # generates text listing number and the point value of 1290 # the problem. It will also print the file name containing 1291 # the problem for users listed in the PRINT_FILE_NAMES_FOR PG_environment 1292 # variable. 1293 OL(@array) # formats the array as an Ordered List ( <OL> </OL> ) enumerated by letters. 1294 1295 htmlLink($url, $text) 1296 # Places a reference to the URL with the specified text in the problem. 1297 # A common usage is \{ htmlLink(alias('prob1_help.html') \}, 'for help') 1298 # where alias finds the full address of the prob1_help.html file in the same directory 1299 # as the problem file 1300 appletLink($url, $parameters) 1301 # For example 1302 # appletLink(q! archive="http: //webwork.math.rochester.edu/gage/xFunctions/xFunctions.zip" 1303 code="xFunctionsLauncher.class" width=100 height=14!, 1304 " parameter text goes here") 1305 # will link to xFunctions. 1306 1307 low level: 1308 1309 spf($number, $format) # prints the number with the given format 1310 sspf($number, $format) # prints the number with the given format, always including a sign. 1311 protect_underbar($string) # protects the underbar (class_name) in strings which may have to pass through TeX. 1312 1313 =cut 1314 1315 sub beginproblem { 1316 my $out = ""; 1317 my $TeXFileName = protect_underbar($main::fileName); 1318 my $l2hFileName = protect_underbar($main::fileName); 1319 my %inlist; 1320 my $points ='pts'; 1321 $points = 'pt' if $main::problemValue == 1; 1322 ## Prepare header for the problem 1323 grep($inlist{$_}++,@{ $envir{'PRINT_FILE_NAMES_FOR'} }); 1324 if ( defined($inlist{$main::studentLogin}) and ($inlist{$main::studentLogin} > 0) ) { 1325 $out = &M3("\n\n\\medskip\\hrule\\smallskip\\par{\\bf ${main::probNum}.{\\footnotesize ($main::problemValue $points) $TeXFileName}}\\newline ", 1326 " \\begin{rawhtml} ($main::problemValue $points) <B>$l2hFileName</B><BR>\\end{rawhtml}", 1327 "($main::problemValue $points) <B>$main::fileName</B><BR>" 1328 ); 1329 } else { 1330 $out = &M3("\n\n\\smallskip\\hrule\\smallskip\\par{\\bf ${main::probNum}.}($main::problemValue $points) ", 1331 "($main::problemValue $points) ", 1332 "($main::problemValue $points) " 1333 ); 1334 } 1335 $out; 1336 1337 } 1338 1339 # kludge to clean up path names 1340 ## allow underscore character in set and section names and also allows line breaks at / 1341 sub protect_underbar { 1342 my $in = shift; 1343 if ($displayMode eq 'TeX') { 1344 1345 $in =~ s|_|\\\_|g; 1346 $in =~ s|/|\\\-/|g; # allows an optional hyphenation of the path (in tex) 1347 } 1348 $in; 1349 } 1350 1351 1352 # An example of a macro which prints out a list (with letters) 1353 sub OL { 1354 my(@array) = @_; 1355 my $i = 0; 1356 my $out= &M3( 1357 "\\begin{enumerate}\n", 1358 " \\begin{rawhtml} <OL TYPE=\"A\" VALUE=\"1\"> \\end{rawhtml} ", 1359 "<OL TYPE=\"A\" VALUE=\"1\">\n" 1360 ) ; 1361 my $elem; 1362 foreach $elem (@array) { 1363 $out .= MODES( 1364 TeX=> "\\item[$main::ALPHABET[$i].] $elem\n", 1365 Latex2HTML=> " \\begin{rawhtml} <LI> \\end{rawhtml} $elem ", 1366 HTML=> "<LI> $elem\n", 1367 HTML_dpng=> "<LI> $elem <br /> <br /> \n" 1368 ); 1369 $i++; 1370 } 1371 $out .= &M3( 1372 "\\end{enumerate}\n", 1373 " \\begin{rawhtml} </OL>\n \\end{rawhtml} ", 1374 "</OL>\n" 1375 ) ; 1376 } 1377 1378 sub htmlLink { 1379 my $url = shift; 1380 my $text = shift; 1381 my $options = shift; 1382 $options = "" unless defined($options); 1383 return "${main::BBOLD}[ broken link: $text ] ${main::EBOLD}" unless defined($url); 1384 M3( "{\\bf \\underline{$text} }", 1385 "\\begin{rawhtml} <A HREF=\"$url\" $options> $text </A>\\end{rawhtml}", 1386 "<A HREF=\"$url\" $options> $text </A>" 1387 ); 1388 } 1389 sub appletLink { 1390 my $url = shift; 1391 my $options = shift; 1392 $options = "" unless defined($options); 1393 M3( "{\\bf \\underline{APPLET} }", 1394 "\\begin{rawhtml} <APPLET $url> $options </APPLET>\\end{rawhtml}", 1395 "<APPLET $url> $options </APPLET>" 1396 ); 1397 } 1398 sub spf { 1399 my($number,$format) = @_; # attention, the order of format and number are reversed 1400 $format = "%4.3g" unless $format; # default value for format 1401 sprintf($format, $number); 1402 } 1403 sub sspf { 1404 my($number,$format) = @_; # attention, the order of format and number are reversed 1405 $format = "%4.3g" unless $format; # default value for format 1406 my $sign = $number>=0 ? " + " : " - "; 1407 $number = $number>=0 ? $number : -$number; 1408 $sign .sprintf($format, $number); 1409 } 1410 1411 =head2 Sorting and other list macros 1412 1413 1414 1415 Usage: 1416 lex_sort(@list); # outputs list in lexigraphic (alphabetical) order 1417 num_sort(@list); # outputs list in numerical order 1418 uniq( @list); # outputs a list with no duplicates. Order is unspecified. 1419 1420 PGsort( \&sort_subroutine, @list); 1421 # &sort_subroutine defines order. It's output must be -1,0 or 1. 1422 1423 =cut 1424 1425 # uniq gives unique elements of a list: 1426 sub uniq { 1427 my (@in) =@_; 1428 my %temp = (); 1429 while (@in) { 1430 $temp{shift(@in)}++; 1431 } 1432 my @out = keys %temp; # sort is causing trouble with Safe.?? 1433 @out; 1434 } 1435 1436 sub lex_sort { 1437 PGsort sub {$_[0] cmp $_[1]}, @_; 1438 } 1439 sub num_sort { 1440 PGsort sub {$_[0] <=> $_[1]}, @_; 1441 } 1442 1443 1444 =head2 Macros for handling tables 1445 1446 Usage: 1447 begintable( number_of_columns_in_table) 1448 row(@dataelements) 1449 endtable() 1450 1451 Example of useage: 1452 1453 BEGIN_TEXT 1454 This problem tests calculating new functions from old ones:$BR 1455 From the table below calculate the quantities asked for:$BR 1456 \{begintable(scalar(@firstrow)+1)\} 1457 \{row(" \(x\) ",@firstrow)\} 1458 \{row(" \(f(x)\) ", @secondrow)\} 1459 \{row(" \(g(x)\) ", @thirdrow)\} 1460 \{row(" \(f'(x)\) ", @fourthrow)\} 1461 \{row(" \(g'(x)\) ", @fifthrow)\} 1462 \{endtable()\} 1463 1464 (The arrays contain numbers which are placed in the table.) 1465 1466 END_TEXT 1467 1468 =cut 1469 1470 sub begintable { 1471 my ($number)=shift; #number of columns in table 1472 my %options = @_; 1473 warn "begintable(cols) requires a number indicating the number of columns" unless defined($number); 1474 my $out = ""; 1475 if ($displayMode eq 'TeX') { 1476 $out .= "\n\\par\\smallskip\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{" . "|c" x $number . "|} \\hline\n"; 1477 } 1478 elsif ($displayMode eq 'Latex2HTML') { 1479 $out .= "\n\\begin{rawhtml} <TABLE , BORDER=1>\n\\end{rawhtml}"; 1480 } 1481 elsif ($displayMode eq 'HTML' || $displayMode eq 'HTML_tth' || $displayMode eq 'HTML_dpng' || $displayMode eq 'HTML_img') { 1482 $out .= "<TABLE BORDER=1>\n" 1483 } 1484 else { 1485 $out = "Error: PGchoicemacros: begintable: Unknown displayMode: $displayMode.\n"; 1486 } 1487 $out; 1488 } 1489 1490 sub endtable { 1491 my $out = ""; 1492 if ($displayMode eq 'TeX') { 1493 $out .= "\n\\end {tabular}\\end{center}\\par\\smallskip\n"; 1494 } 1495 elsif ($displayMode eq 'Latex2HTML') { 1496 $out .= "\n\\begin{rawhtml} </TABLE >\n\\end{rawhtml}"; 1497 } 1498 elsif ($displayMode eq 'HTML' || $displayMode eq 'HTML_tth' || $displayMode eq 'HTML_dpng' ||$displayMode eq 'HTML_img') { 1499 $out .= "</TABLE>\n"; 1500 } 1501 else { 1502 $out = "Error: PGchoicemacros: endtable: Unknown displayMode: $displayMode.\n"; 1503 } 1504 $out; 1505 } 1506 1507 1508 sub row { 1509 my @elements = @_; 1510 my $out = ""; 1511 if ($displayMode eq 'TeX') { 1512 while (@elements) { 1513 $out .= shift(@elements) . " &"; 1514 } 1515 chop($out); # remove last & 1516 $out .= "\\\\ \\hline \n"; 1517 # carriage returns must be added manually for tex 1518 } 1519 elsif ($displayMode eq 'Latex2HTML') { 1520 $out .= "\n\\begin{rawhtml}\n<TR>\n\\end{rawhtml}\n"; 1521 while (@elements) { 1522 $out .= " \n\\begin{rawhtml}\n<TD> \n\\end{rawhtml}\n" . shift(@elements) . " \n\\begin{rawhtml}\n</TD> \n\\end{rawhtml}\n"; 1523 } 1524 $out .= " \n\\begin{rawhtml}\n</TR> \n\\end{rawhtml}\n"; 1525 } 1526 elsif ($main::displayMode eq 'HTML' || $main::displayMode eq 'HTML_tth' || $displayMode eq 'HTML_dpng'||$displayMode eq 'HTML_img') { 1527 $out .= "<TR>\n"; 1528 while (@elements) { 1529 $out .= "<TD>" . shift(@elements) . "</TD>"; 1530 } 1531 $out .= "\n</TR>\n"; 1532 } 1533 else { 1534 $out = "Error: PGchoicemacros: row: Unknown displayMode: $main::displayMode.\n"; 1535 } 1536 $out; 1537 } 1538 1539 =head2 Macros for displaying static images 1540 1541 Usage: 1542 $string = image($image, width => 100, height => 100, tex_size => 800) 1543 $string = image([$image1, $image2], width => 100, height => 100, tex_size => 800) 1544 $string = caption($string); 1545 $string = imageRow([$image1, $image2 ], [$caption1, $caption2]); 1546 # produces a complete table with rows of pictures. 1547 1548 1549 =cut 1550 1551 # More advanced macros 1552 sub image { 1553 my $image_ref = shift; 1554 my @opt = @_; 1555 unless (scalar(@opt) % 2 == 0 ) { 1556 warn "ERROR in image macro. A list of macros must be inclosed in square brackets."; 1557 } 1558 my %in_options = @opt; 1559 my %known_options = ( 1560 width => 100, 1561 height => 100, 1562 tex_size => 800, 1563 ); 1564 # handle options 1565 my %out_options = %known_options; 1566 foreach my $opt_name (keys %in_options) { 1567 if ( exists( $known_options{$opt_name} ) ) { 1568 $out_options{$opt_name} = $in_options{$opt_name} if exists( $in_options{$opt_name} ) ; 1569 } else { 1570 die "Option $opt_name not defined for image. " . 1571 "Default options are:<BR> ", display_options2(%known_options); 1572 } 1573 } 1574 my $width = $out_options{width}; 1575 my $height = $out_options{height}; 1576 my $tex_size = $out_options{tex_size}; 1577 my $width_ratio = $tex_size*(.001); 1578 my @image_list = (); 1579 1580 if (ref($image_ref) =~ /ARRAY/ ) { 1581 @image_list = @{$image_ref}; 1582 } else { 1583 push(@image_list,$image_ref); 1584 } 1585 1586 my @output_list = (); 1587 while(@image_list) { 1588 my $imageURL = alias(shift @image_list); 1589 my $out=""; 1590 1591 if ($main::displayMode eq 'TeX') { 1592 my $imagePath = $imageURL; # in TeX mode, alias gives us a path, not a URL 1593 if ($envir{texDisposition} eq "pdf") { 1594 # We're going to create PDF files with our TeX (using pdflatex), so 1595 # alias should have given us the path to a PNG image. What we need 1596 # to do is find out the dimmensions of this image, since pdflatex 1597 # is too dumb to live. 1598 1599 #my ($height, $width) = getImageDimmensions($imagePath); 1600 ##warn "&image: $imagePath $height $width\n"; 1601 #unless ($height and $width) { 1602 # warn "Couldn't get the dimmensions of image $imagePath.\n" 1603 #} 1604 #$out = "\\includegraphics[bb=0 0 $height $width,width=$width_ratio\\linewidth]{$imagePath}\n"; 1605 $out = "\\includegraphics[width=$width_ratio\\linewidth]{$imagePath}\n"; 1606 } else { 1607 # Since we're not creating PDF files, alias should have given us the 1608 # path to an EPS file. latex can get its dimmensions no problem! 1609 1610 $out = "\\includegraphics[width=$width_ratio\\linewidth]{$imagePath}\n"; 1611 } 1612 } elsif ($main::displayMode eq 'Latex2HTML') { 1613 $out = qq!\\begin{rawhtml}\n<A HREF= "$imageURL" TARGET="ZOOM"><IMG SRC="$imageURL" WIDTH="$width" HEIGHT="$height"></A>\n 1614 \\end{rawhtml}\n ! 1615 } elsif ($main::displayMode eq 'HTML' || $main::displayMode eq 'HTML_tth' || $displayMode eq 'HTML_dpng' || $displayMode eq 'HTML_img') { 1616 $out = qq!<A HREF= "$imageURL" TARGET="ZOOM"><IMG SRC="$imageURL" WIDTH="$width" HEIGHT="$height"></A> 1617 ! 1618 } else { 1619 $out = "Error: PGchoicemacros: image: Unknown displayMode: $main::displayMode.\n"; 1620 } 1621 push(@output_list, $out); 1622 } 1623 return wantarray ? @output_list : $output_list[0]; 1624 } 1625 1626 # This is legacy code. 1627 sub images { 1628 my @in = @_; 1629 my @outlist = (); 1630 while (@in) { 1631 push(@outlist,&image( shift(@in) ) ); 1632 } 1633 @outlist; 1634 } 1635 1636 1637 sub caption { 1638 my ($out) = @_; 1639 $out = " $out \n" if $main::displayMode eq 'TeX'; 1640 $out = " $out " if $main::displayMode eq 'HTML'; 1641 $out = " $out " if $main::displayMode eq 'HTML_tth'; 1642 $out = " $out " if $main::displayMode eq 'HTML_dpng'; 1643 $out = " $out " if $main::displayMode eq 'HTML_img'; 1644 $out = " $out " if $main::displayMode eq 'Latex2HTML'; 1645 $out; 1646 } 1647 1648 sub captions { 1649 my @in = @_; 1650 my @outlist = (); 1651 while (@in) { 1652 push(@outlist,&caption( shift(@in) ) ); 1653 } 1654 @outlist; 1655 } 1656 1657 sub imageRow { 1658 1659 my $pImages = shift; 1660 my $pCaptions=shift; 1661 my $out = ""; 1662 my @images = @$pImages; 1663 my @captions = @$pCaptions; 1664 my $number = @images; 1665 # standard options 1666 my %options = ( 'tex_size' => 200, # width for fitting 4 across 1667 'height' => 100, 1668 'width' => 100, 1669 @_ # overwrite any default options 1670 ); 1671 1672 if ($main::displayMode eq 'TeX') { 1673 $out .= "\n\\par\\smallskip\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{" . "|c" x $number . "|} \\hline\n"; 1674 while (@images) { 1675 $out .= &image( shift(@images),%options ) . '&'; 1676 } 1677 chop($out); 1678 $out .= "\\\\ \\hline \n"; 1679 while (@captions) { 1680 $out .= &caption( shift(@captions) ) . '&'; 1681 } 1682 chop($out); 1683 $out .= "\\\\ \\hline \n\\end {tabular}\\end{center}\\par\\smallskip\n"; 1684 } elsif ($main::displayMode eq 'Latex2HTML'){ 1685 1686 $out .= "\n\\begin{rawhtml} <TABLE BORDER=1><TR>\n\\end{rawhtml}\n"; 1687 while (@images) { 1688 $out .= "\n\\begin{rawhtml} <TD>\n\\end{rawhtml}\n" . &image( shift(@images),%options ) 1689 . "\n\\begin{rawhtml} </TD>\n\\end{rawhtml}\n" ; 1690 } 1691 1692 $out .= "\n\\begin{rawhtml}</TR><TR>\\end{rawhtml}\n"; 1693 while (@captions) { 1694 $out .= "\n\\begin{rawhtml} <TH>\n\\end{rawhtml}\n".&caption( shift(@captions) ) 1695 . "\n\\begin{rawhtml} </TH>\n\\end{rawhtml}\n" ; 1696 } 1697 1698 $out .= "\n\\begin{rawhtml} </TR> </TABLE >\n\\end{rawhtml}"; 1699 } elsif ($main::displayMode eq 'HTML' || $main::displayMode eq 'HTML_tth' || $main::displayMode eq 'HTML_dpng'|| $main::displayMode eq 'HTML_img'){ 1700 $out .= "<P>\n <TABLE BORDER=2 CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=2 ><TR ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=MIDDLE>\n"; 1701 while (@images) { 1702 $out .= " \n<TD>". &image( shift(@images),%options ) ."</TD>"; 1703 } 1704 $out .= "</TR>\n<TR>"; 1705 while (@captions) { 1706 $out .= " <TH>". &caption( shift(@captions) ) ."</TH>"; 1707 } 1708 $out .= "\n</TR></TABLE></P>\n" 1709 } 1710 else { 1711 $out = "Error: PGchoicemacros: imageRow: Unknown languageMode: $main::displayMode.\n"; 1712 warn $out; 1713 } 1714 $out; 1715 } 1716 1717 1718 ########### 1719 # Auxiliary macros 1720 1721 sub display_options2{ 1722 my %options = @_; 1723 my $out_string = ""; 1724 foreach my $key (keys %options) { 1725 $out_string .= " $key => $options{$key},<BR>"; 1726 } 1727 $out_string; 1728 } 1729 1730 1731 1;
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