Tables

Topic Name: Using Tables

This code snippet shows the essential PG code to display tables of data (or answer blanks, etc.). We give three different examples of how to display tables. Note that these are insertions, not a complete PG file. This code will have to be incorporated into the problem file on which you are working.

You may also be interested in GraphsInTables

• Example 1: Standard tables embedded in the main text section
• Example 2: Standard tables defined in the setup section and displayed in the main text section
• Example 3: Union tables which offer more customization options

Problem Techniques Index

Example 1: The simplest way of putting a table in the problem is just to embed it in the text of the problem using the begintable, row, and endtable commands, as shown below. It is also possible to use these to define variables that are used in the text; this is shown in the second example, below.

PG problem file

Explanation

BEGIN_TEXT Fill in the table of values for \(f(x) = x^2\). $BCENTER \{ begintable(4) \} \{ row( "\(x = \)", "0", "1", "2" ) \} \{ row( "\(f(x) = \)", ans_rule(5), ans_rule(5), ans_rule(5) ) \} \{ endtable() \} $ECENTER END_TEXT

The begintable, row, and endtable commands are all predefined in the PG language, so we just need to use them here. Because these are defined perl functions, we need to use the \{ \} constructs to execute them in the text section of the PG file. Also note that, perhaps obviously, the begintable takes as its argument the number of columns in the table, and the row command takes a list of strings to put in the data elements in the row. In this example, we use the ans_rule function to put an answer blank in some table elements. It is possible to use an array in a table row, and also to add more space around each entry in the table to make it look nicer. For example, we can add extra space manually using $SPACE, which must be inside double (not single) quotes. Obviously, if you're making computations using values in these arrays, add the extra $SPACE only after you're done making computations. @x = (0..2); # shorthand for (0,1,2) @f = (3..5); foreach my $i (0..2) { $x[$i] = "$SPACE $x[$i] $SPACE"; $f[$i] = "$SPACE $f[$i] $SPACE"; } BEGIN_TEXT Fill in the table of values for \(f(x) = x^2\). $BCENTER \{ begintable(4) \} \{ row( "$SPACE \(x = \) $SPACE", @x ) \} \{ row( "$SPACE \(f(x) = \) $SPACE", @f ) \} \{ endtable() \} $ECENTER END_TEXT

Example 2: We can also define as much of the table as we like in the problem set-up section of the problem file, as well, as suggested by the following example.

PG problem file	Explanation
# we'll work with the function f(x) = x^2 + a $a = random(2,5,1); # the table data $table_start = begintable(4); $table_row1 = row( "\(x =\)", "0", "1", "2" ); $table_row2 = row( "\(f(x)\) =", ans_rule(5), ans_rule(5), ans_rule(5) ); $table_end = endtable(); # these are the actual function values at the # points @fvals = (); foreach my $i ( 0, 1, 2 ) { push( @fvals, Compute("$i^2 + $a") ); }	In this example, we define the start of the table and the values in the table rows as variables that we can then use in the text section of the problem. We also define the function values at the points we're asking the student to compute. It is also possible to join together these elements into a single value $table using the concatenation operation . between each element as follows. $table = begintable(4) . row( "\(x =\)", "0", "1", "2" ) . row( "\(f(x)\) =",ans_rule(5),ans_rule(5),ans_rule(5) ) . endtable();
BEGIN_TEXT If \(f(x) = x^2 + $a\), fill in values of \(f(x)\) as indicated in the table below. $BCENTER $table_start $table_row1 $table_row2 $table_end $ECENTER	Then we put the table into the text section.
foreach my $fv ( @fvals ) { ANS( $fv->cmp() ); }	And, given a list of answers, we can automate the insertion of answer checkers. Of course, with only three of them it would be faster to just put them in a list: ANS( $fvals[0]->cmp() ); ANS( $fvals[1]->cmp() ); ANS( $fvals[2]->cmp() ); instead of using the loop.

Example 3: We use the utilities provided by the unionTables.pl macro. This macro provides more customization than the previous two examples.

PG problem file

Explanation

loadMacros( "PGstandard.pl", "unionTables.pl", # or "PGunion.pl", ); BEGIN_TEXT \{ BeginTable(border=>1, tex_border=>"1pt", spacing=>0, padding=>4). AlignedRow(["\(x = \)","0","1","2"], align=>LEFT, separation=>0). AlignedRow(["\(f(x)=\)","A","B","C"], separation=>0). TableSpace(25,6). AlignedRow(["\(g(x)=\)","E","F","G"], separation=>0). EndTable() \} END_TEXT

In the initialization section of the PG file, be sure to load unionTables.pl (or PGunion.pl which will automatically load unionTables.pl). Notice that the commands provided are case-sensitive (e.g., use BeginTable, not begintable). Because these are defined perl functions, we need to use the \{ \} constructs with curly braces to execute them in the text section of the PG file. Noe that periods are used at the end of each command (i.e., at the end of every line) except for the last command, since nothing will be joined to it. For BeginTable(), the argument border=>n sets the border thickness to n pixels in HTML mode, while tex_border=>"1pt" sets the border thickness in TeX mode (for pdf hardcopies). Notice that the units pt must be included, where 1 point is 1/72 of an inch, and that the quotes around "1pt" are necessary. The options spacing and padding are like the HTML commands cellspacing and cellpadding. The default is center=>1 to center the table, but this could also be set to 0. The AlignedRow() and Row() commands both take several arguments that allow further customization of how a table is displayed. The first argument is always a square bracketed list of entries in that row. Putting quotes around each entry is advised to prevent unexpected behavior (for example, try using E instead of "E"). For column separation, separation=>30 is the default, which is useful for a table of images, but less useful for a table of text. To insert a blank column on the left, use indent=>n for some number n (the default is n=0). The alignment of the initial column can be controlled by align => LEFT where the type is LEFT, RIGHT, or CENTER. The vertical alignment of a row is valign => MIDDLE where the type is TOP, MIDDLE, or BOTTOM. The TableSpace(a,b) routine gives empty vertical space in the table of a pixels in HTML mode and b points in TeX mode. A relatively large space, say for separating images, would be TableSpace(25,6), while a small space to separate an image from its label in the next row down would be TableSpace(5,0).

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